Which of the following is commonly included in Post-Intensive Care Syndrome?

• A. Severe weakness
• B. Cognitive impairments
• C. Psychological issues
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

Post-Intensive Care Syndrome spans multiple impact areas after a critical illness, so the most accurate answer includes all the common domains. The physical component often manifests as severe weakness and generalized deconditioning from ICU-acquired weakness, prolonged bed rest, and the metabolic stress of critical illness. The cognitive component involves problems with attention, memory, processing speed, and executive function that can persist after the ICU stay, sometimes linked to delirium, sedation, or neurologic events. The psychological component includes anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms that many patients report following an ICU admission. Because these domains frequently occur together, all of these issues are commonly included in PICS, and recognizing them guides comprehensive rehabilitation that addresses physical recovery, cognitive rehabilitation, and mental health support.